Newton Raphson Method Example

Newton Raphson Method Example Incorporated AC/DC POWER SYSTEM USING MODIFIED NEWTON-RAPHSON LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS Theoretical The Newton-Raphson strategy or the other name called Newton Method, is an amazing procedure for unraveling conditions numerically. Like such a large amount of the differential analytics, it depends on the basic thought of straight guess. The Newton Method, appropriately utilized, generally homes in on a root with annihilating effectiveness. In this exploration, the Newton-Raphson technique load stream investigation will be changed. It is changed to accomplish similarity for the AC/DC frameworks with bound together DC connects in the air conditioner organize. The adjusted Jacobian condition incorporates the DC genuine and receptive force at the AC/DC transports and their reliance on the AC framework factors. The AC/DC test framework with a heap stream calculation in MATLAB will be assessed by utilizing adjusted Newton-Raphson technique. Presentation Electric force transmission was crudely evolved with direct flow. The accessibility of transformers and the turn of events and of enlistment engines toward the start of the twentieth Century, prompted more noteworthy intrigue and utilization of AC transmission. The innovative work on multi-cathode lattice controlled mercury curve valve for high powers and voltages was done in 1929. There use in transformation forms for transmission and recurrence changing was completed in 1930’s. DC transmission presently became functional when significant distances were to be secured or where links were required. After the Second World War, the examination on HVDC got animated, especially in Sweden and in Russia. In 1950, a 116 km exploratory transmission line was authorized from Moscow to Kasira at 200 kV [1]. HVDC transmission is currently a basic piece of the conveyance of power in numerous nations all through the world. Considering quick development popular and gracefully of power, electric force framework is turning out to be progressively huge and increasingly mind boggling. In addition, ordinary electric flexibly is the sheer need for developing industry and different fields of life. The force business organizers are requesting more grounded pattern towards providing electric intensity of higher caliber by improving the framework security and its effect on condition in corresponding with quest for economy. All things considered, circumstance, the rule of flawlessness is never met, on the grounds that there are deviations between the model and reality. Burden stream and state estimation investigation are significant apparatuses for choosing the steady activity and control of intensity framework just as future arranging of intensity frameworks [2, 3]. The first business HVDC line worked in quite a while a 98 km submarine link with ground return between the island of Gotland and the Swedish terrain [4]. Thyristors were applied to DC. Transmission in the late 1960’s and strong state valves turned into a reality. In 1969, an agreement for the Eel River DC. Connection in Canada was granted as the main use of sold state valves for HVDC transmission [4]. Issue STATEMENT Why use DC transmission in the transmission framework? This inquiry regularly posed by the individuals. Some of individuals are reaction that the misfortunes will are lower. Shockingly, the appropriate response given not right. Subsequently, the degree of misfortunes is planed into a transmission framework and adjust by the chose conductor size. Either as overhead transmission lines or submarine links can have lower misfortunes however at higher cost since the bigger cross-sectional zone will for the most part bring about lower misfortunes yet cost more for the DC and AC conductors. It is for the most part by monetary decision, when converters are utilized for DC transmission in inclination to AC transmission driven by one of the accompanying reasons: An overhead DC transmission line with its towers can be intended to be less expensive per unit of length than a comparable AC line intended to transmit a similar degree of electric force. Anyway it is all the more expensive at each finish of the DC converter stations than the ending stations of an AC line. Subsequently, there is a breakeven separation above which the absolute expense of DC transmission is not as much as its AC transmission elective. Lower visual profile can have by the DC transmission line than an identical AC line. For sure, it lead to a lower natural effect. There are other natural focal points to a DC transmission line through the electric and attractive fields being DC rather than air conditioning. The breakeven separation is lesser than overhead transmission, if transmission is by submarine or underground link. It isn't practicable to consider AC link frameworks surpassing 50 km however DC link transmission frameworks are in administration with length which is in many kilometers and even separations more prominent than or equivalent 600 km have been viewed as executable. Neighboring systems are not synchronized with some AC electric force frameworks despite the fact that their physical separations between them are very little. This circumstance happens in Japan. It is 60 Hz arrange for a large portion of the nation and the 50 Hz framework for the opposite side. It is truly difficult to associate the them two together by direct AC strategies so as to trade electric force between them. All things considered, it is probably going to move the required force stream despite the fact that the AC frameworks, if a DC converter station is situated in every framework with an interconnecting DC interface between them for sure associated stay nonconcurrent [1]. Goals The primary goals of this exploration are: To contemplate the Newton-Raphson strategy for the heap stream examination. To changed the Newton-Raphson technique to achieve similarity for AC/DC frameworks with incorporated DC interfaces in the AC arrange. Critical OF STUDY Burden stream study is an essential instrument that include with the numerical examination applied to a force framework. A force stream concentrate generally utilizes improved documentation, for example, a one-line outline and per-unit framework and spotlights on different types of AC power (for example voltages, voltage points, genuine force and receptive force) [5]. Typical consistent state activity is the way the force framework is break down. Exist a couple of number of programming executions of intensity stream examines. Burden stream investigation is likely the most significant of all system estimations since it concerns the system execution in its ordinary working conditions. It is performed to enquire the size and stage edge of the voltage at each transport and the genuine and receptive force streams in the framework segments. The significant of this examination is to achieve similarity for AC/DC frameworks with incorporated DC connects in the AC arrange by utilizing the chan ge of the Newton-Raphson power stream investigation strategy. Extent OF WORK The extent of this examination is to break down IEEE test framework with the altered Newton-Raphson calculation that will be create and to fathom the HVDC connect power framework load stream. This calculation will be create from the Newton-Raphson condition and some other condition from the DC connect conditions. The Jacobian condition for the AC power stream is changed to accomplish similarity for frameworks with coordinated DC link(s) in the AC arrange. Rewarded as voltage subordinate PQ-transports are the converters. This award the DC factors to be remembered for the force stream conditions. Both the AC arrange and the DC connection will be involve by the new leftover vector and Jacobian framework [6]. Writing REVIEW The investigations of incorporated air conditioning/dc power framework, their focal points and examination of burden stream in coordinated air conditioning/dc power framework and their usage is tremendously evolved here the writing survey on these angles is quickly summed up as: K. Ayan, U. Arifoglu, U. Kilic speak to the Load Flow (LF) investigation of unadulterated AC power frameworks is understood saperately. It is by numerical examination techniques and the heuristic strategies. The heap stream of coordinated air conditioning/dc power frameworks just has been actualizing by numerical strategies up until this point. A great deal of strategies to actualize load stream examination of incorporated air conditioning/dc power frameworks in writing. Instances of these strategies are Newton-Raphson, Fast Decoupled and Broyden. By utilizing Genetic Algorithm the continuous burden stream investigation of AC/DC framework is executed. The recommend technique is inspect on IEEE 9-transport test framework. Heuristic strategy is apply for load stream investigation of the incorporated AC/DC power frameworks just because [7]. Panosyan and Oswald introduced the model of a two-terminal HVDC connection and its combination into the Newton-Raphson strategy for the heap stream investigation thinking about the control methodologies of the HVDC converter stations. It is recommended that the easiest method of incorporating a dc interface into the air conditioner load stream is by speaking to it by steady dynamic and receptive force infusions at the two terminal transports in the air conditioner frameworks. In this way the two terminal air conditioning/dc transports are depict as a PQ-transport with a steady voltage free dynamic and responsive force [8]. Sanghavi and Banerjee proposed a consecutive methodology for playing out the heap stream examination of a coordinated air conditioning/dc power framework. In this methodology a disentangled model of the dc interface has been created and the methods for incorporating the connection condition with a standard air conditioning load stream program has been clarified. in this model least measure of adjustments have been made with a standard air conditioning load stream program [3]. Mobarak introduced the notable Newton-Raphson strategy for the heap stream investigation of framework comprising of HVDC interface. The first NR technique is adjusted to achieve similarity for AC/DC frameworks with incorporated DC connects in the AC arrange. The adjusted Jacobian condition incorporates the DC genuine and responsive force at the AC/DC transports and the reliance on the AC framework factors [9]. Marsafawy and Mathur proposed another strategy for the heap stream estimations of, incorporated AC/DC frameworks. They proposed utilization of quick decoupled load stream strategy, which handles all AC/DC conditions all the while, and completely misuses the sparsity procedures. They have indicated use of the procedure on two frameworks. The frameworks are unified with a point to-point DC transmission and the other with a 3-terminal work HVDC sub-framework. It was a quick procedure f

JPMorgan Chase Essay

JPMorgan Chase is one of the most established and most regarded banks in the United States. In any case, throughout the mid year of 2012 Chase declared exchanging misfortunes and terrible venture choices that brought about lost around $5.8 billion. In addition to the fact that they reported this significant misfortune they confessed to distorting their first quarter reports, were they where endeavoring to disguise the gigantic misfortune. A quarter of a year preceding this occasion JPMorgan Chase was seen as the top American bank. The principal question to be talked about in this paper will be what activities can Administrative Agencies such the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or potentially the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) take to forestall high hazard bets in protections/banking which are one of the principle foundations of this country’s economy. As indicated by the SEC, their â€Å"main mission is to secure speculators, to look after reasonable, organized, effective markets and encourage capital formation† (www.sec.gov) One of the manners in which that SEC does this is by requiring open organizations to unveil significant money related data to the general population to enable people in general to choose which organizations will be the best to put resources into. In light of the JPMorgan Chase disclosure SEC Chairperson Mary Shapiro told the Senate Banking Committee that â€Å"her agency’s examination is constrained, on the grounds that the exchanges occurred in divisions of the financial monster that are not dependent upon SEC regulation†. She additionally expressed that â€Å"we (the SEC) didn't have any immediate oversight or information on the transactions†. Notwithstanding the above proclamations Ms. Shapiro expressed that â€Å"the SEC’s examination would focus on the fittingness and culmination of the entity’s (JPMorgan Chase) money related detailing and other open disclosures† (Liberto, 2012). Next I will talk about the Commodity and Futures Trading Commission’s (CFTC) principle reason just as a portion of its different duties. The Commodity and Futures Trading Commission’s (CFTC) main intention is to direct product prospects and alternatives markets. Its objectives incorporate the advancement of serious and productive prospects markets and the security of financial specialists against control, harsh exchange practices and misrepresentation (www.sec.gov). Gary Gensler, executive of the CFTC told the Senate Banking Committee that â€Å"he couldn’t give explicit data about the examination, yet he said that he initially found out about the flawed exchanges from press reports. He likewise expressed that the CFTC doesn't have controllers on the ground to see bank exchanges yet. Executive Gensler additionally told the Banking Committee that right now, the American open isn't ensured in that way (for example having controllers taking a gander at the exchanges as they occur) (Liberto, 2012). Controllers have been battling for quite a long time attempting to make sense of who ought to be remembered for another crackdown on trades and subsidiaries. Trades and subordinates are perplexing money related wagers got from other budgetary items. Gensler clarified that once the Dodd-Frank Wall Street changes are completely actualized it will be illicit for JPMorgan Chase to make the sorts of exchanges that came about in the $5.8 billion misfortune. He likewise explained that Dodd-Frank takes into account exchanges made to fence against â€Å"individual and total positions† †not to prepare for future monetary misfortunes, as the JPMorgan exchanges have been portrayed (Liberto, 2012). Next I will cover the components of a legitimate agreement, just as talk about how purchasers and banks each have an obligation of god confidence and reasonable managing in the financial relationship â€Å"A contract is a lawfully enforceable guarantee or set of guarantees. On the off chance that the guarantee is broken, the individual to whom the guarantee was distraught †the guarantee †has certain lawful rights against the individua l who made the guarantee †the promisor† (Bagley, 2012). There are 4 essential components to an agreement and they are: 1) offer and acknowledgment, 2) thought, 3) the two gatherings must have the ability to go into an agreement, 4) the agreement must have a legitimate reason. â€Å"The offer is a sign of ability to go into a deal that legitimizes someone else in understanding that their consent will finish up the bargain† (Bagley, 2012). Acknowledgment demonstrates the accepting person’s eagerness to go into the understanding proposed in the offer (Bagley, 2012). Thought is something of significant worth that is given by the two gatherings (Bagley, 2012). In conclusion, a substantial agreement necessitates that the two gatherings have the ability to go into the understanding (Bagley, 2012. Next I will talk about the obligation of god confidence and reasonable dealingâ in the buyer/banking relationship. Preceding 1929, Massachusetts explicitly gave that great confidence was pertinent to all agreements. In 1929, the Supreme Judicial Court, in tending to a penetrate of agreement guarantee under an alternative understanding for the acquisition of stock in an oil-creating leasehold, explicitly expressed, just because, that there was a commitment of sincere trust and reasonable managing in all agreements. The court underlined that a business contract â€Å"is to be deciphered as a business exchange went into by down to earth men to achieve a legit and clear end†. Starting in 1936, the obligation of sincere trust was characterized as an agreement â€Å"that neither one of the parties will do anything which will have the impact of annihilating or harming the privilege of the other party to get the products of the contract†. This â€Å"fruits† enunciation of the obligation of sincere trust stays flawless today and is consistently cited as the usable norm (Weigand, 2013). The following subject is to thoroughly analyze the contrasts among purposeful and careless tort activities. There are a few kinds of purposeful torts and they are: torts against people, deliberate torts that include individual property, and deliberate torts with respect to monetary intrigue and business connections. There are additionally a few sorts of careless torts. Two of which are: obligation to protect and obligation to invitees. Purposeful torts against comprise of battery, ambush, bogus detainment, deliberate curse of enthusiastic misery, criticism, and attack of security. The watchword in these deliberate torts is expectation or reason to make hurt another. Deliberate torts against property incorporate trespass of land, irritation, transformation, and trespass to individual property. Expectation and reason for existing are additionally why these are viewed as deliberate. The key contrast between these two torts is that one is against individuals and the other is an abuse of another’s property. An individual needs to reason submit these demonstrations. Careless torts comprise of various sorts of obligations. Obligation is the point at which an individual with a legitimate obligation to another is required to act, sensibly, the situation being what it is to abstain from hurting the other individual. A few instances of this are obligation to safeguard and obligation to invitees. Obligations are essentially a commitment that one individual is will undoubtedly perform for another. In looking at the two kinds of torts we locate that purposeful torts will be torts that individuals submit against others. Carelessness likewise others yet it is an inability to play out that causes the injury or uncalled for activity. Anâ example of this correlation is the deliberate tort of battery and inability to play out the obligation to safeguard. At the point when I submit battery I cause damage to another, when I neglect to play out the obligation to safeguard the other individual likewise endures hurt however it is on the grounds that I neglected to act. Conversely deliberate torts are activities dedicated against another and carelessness is the point at which I neglect to make a move on another. Next I will talk about the tort activity of â€Å"interference with legally binding relations and taking an interest in a break of trustee duty†. Impedance with authoritative relations ensures the option to appreciate the advantages of legitimately official understandings. It gives a cure when the litigant purposefully initiates someone else to penetrate an agreement with an offended party. Obstruction with legally binding relations expects expectation to meddle. The presence of an agreement is the contrast between convoluted impedance and the more hard to demonstrate convoluted obstruction with planned legally binding relations. The most celebrated instance of convoluted impedance was Pennzoil v Texaco which happened in 1983 (Bagley, 2013). Thus a litigant who purposely takes part in, or actuates a break of guardian obligation by another submits the tort of cooperation in a penetrate of trustee obligation. Finally, I accept that if god grounds exist for the impedance, for example, exists in the JPMorgan Chase case then I ought to have the option to win in the tort activity. In conclusion, I will cover how banks ensure the product that takes into consideration online exchanges. Most banks secure the clients who take part in online exchanges through what is known as the Online Banking Guarantee. This insurance covers your banking and individual data. It is the banks obligation to guarantee the clients insurance while the client takes part in o nline exchanges. In most if not all case the client is 100% shrouded on account of robbery of assets. One of fundamental guards for programming assurance is through complex encryption frameworks. Another impediment is basically the tremendous measure of programming that is accessible for internet banking. So between the wide cluster of programming and encryption frameworks internet banking exchange are generally sheltered. In this paper I have secured a few points and they are as per the following: What moves Administrative Agency’s make to be successful in forestalling high-chance bets in protections and banking, the components of a legitimate agreement and the obligation of sincere trust and reasonable managing among banks and buyers, looking into deliberate and careless torts, the tort activity of â€Å"Interference with legally binding relations and taking an interest in a break of trustee obligation, and lastl

The story of the most epic pset ever

The story of the most epic pset ever This semester Im taking a class called Sustainable Energy, and so far, its pretty awesome. Its one of the few classes where I really feel like Im learning a lot. I mean, Im sure I learned a lot in 2.005 but its hard to feel like youre learning, you know? You try doing a problem that requires you to use the heat equation and see if you finish feeling less confused than you started. But in Sustainable Energy we learn lots of actual, concrete stuff in every lecture. So every Tuesday and Thursday I leave class thinking, So thats how carbon sequestration works, and feeling all enlightened and such. Part of this is because the class is HUGE in scope. We tackle the energy problem from what seems like every possible angle- economics, engineering, science, politics, nuclear, mechanical, physical, electrical, you name it. To illustrate this, I documented some of the sleepless night I spent the other day working on what was quite possibly the most epic pset of all time. It started out with a pair of daunting circuit problems which I probably would have breezed through back in the Stone Age when I was taking 8.02 (seriously, I feel so old now its not even funny) but were definitely beyond the rusty remains of my EM skills. After awhile I visited the handy Conner 2 library (fancy name for a bookcase in the floor lounge where people stash old textbooks they dont want or need anymore for anyone on the floor to use) and grabbed a copy of the 8.02 course notes. Whats impedance again? And inductanceis that thingits like the opposite of capacitance, so they get all wavy in an RLC circuit. (Believe it or not, freshman year I actually went back to my high school and successfully taught the lesson in RLC circuits to the seniors in AP Physics. I must be getting senile in my old age.) The textbook was not very helpful. I eventually had to give up on the circuit problem for a little while, even if just to give my mind a break. Problem 2 was about carbon dioxide emissions. If there are 0.9 hydrogen atoms per one carbon atom in every molecule of coal, and 2 oxygen atoms per one carbon atom in carbon dioxide (well, duh) then how much CO2 is produced by burning one kilogram of coal? I had a feeling this was some kind of chemistry problem, but I shoved that thought to the dusty back corner of my mind, right next to the word stoichiometry. I just made up some ratios that made sense and went on with my life. But then I checked the forum on the course website (MIT has a system called Stellar, which is sort of like an automatically generated website that professors and TAs can use to post materials for their classes) where the course TA had posted some answers to questions people had been asking about Problem 2and they were all talking about molar mass. Im going to be honest with you, I cannot for the life of me remember the difference between atomic mass, atomic number, atomic weight, molar massI mean, I used to know them all at one point butthat was also back in the Stone Age. So I headed back to the Conner 2 library and found someones used copy of the 5.111 (basic freshman chem) textbook. I could not find anything about molar mass in it. I was either really sleep-deprived by this point, or had managed to pick up practice problem book or something weird that didnt actually explain anything. Back to the library to trade it for someones old 3.091 (alternate flavor of freshman chem) textboo k. Right before the section in stoichiometry was a section on molar mass. Hey, the 3.091 textbook is organized just like that dusty corner of my mind! By this point the kitchen table had been consumed by my psetting. I read some more about this molar mass thing and just ended up feeling more confused. Basically, the moral of this story is that I forgot everything I learned freshman year. I turned to Problem 3 for inspiration. The problem statement came complete with a full chemical equation, which was totally not helping. Thankfully, Adelaide appeared soon after this, and graciously attempted to teach me something I swear I mastered in my junior year of high school. (Ask Ms. Lyons. Seriously!) Me: Butbutwhy cant you just do it the way I did, with ratios? Adelaide: Well, you can, this just makes it easier. Me: okay this is why Im a physics person. Alright, time for Problem 4. Problem 4 was an essay. Im not kidding! Write two pages about fuels derived from biomass and carbon sequestration and whether you think these are sustainable technologies. This pset has everything. Except like, some nuclear problem. Oh wait, that was Problem 5. Okay, the essay is done, Problem 5 is actually super easy despite being in the one topic that I didnt learn 3 times already during my academic career, and now, that final moment of absolute blissful satisfaction: when you take out the stapler and feel satisfying clunk of attaching all of the pages together in a neat pile, ready for submission.

Keny Diverse And Multicultural Country - 1675 Words

Kenya is a diverse and multicultural country with over fifty different tribes each with their own distinct language. Kenya consists of three main ethnic groups; the Bantus, Nilotes and Cushites. These three groups all have different religious and cultural practices (â€Å"Cultures of The World, Kenya†). Although diverse, Kenya is mainly constituted of Bantus with the majority of them coming from the Kikuyu tribe. Other major groups include the Luo, Maasai and Kalenjin. Kenya is very lush and is mainly cool which attracted the interest of European explorers. Countries such as Britain steadily increased their influence in the area by introducing missionaries and sending explorers throughout the nation. By the late 19th century, Britain controlled Kenya and declared it a British colony (â€Å"Countries and Their Cultures†). The British attracted people from Europe by creating more economic and political opportunities for Europeans to move to Kenya. They would allocate large pieces of land to British citizens, which would displace the natives, or offer them political positions in the government. The British implemented segregation which led them to forcing Kenyans to work as â€Å"squatters† on the land of the British but in truth, they weren’t any different from slaves. Kenyans tried resisting British policies by protesting but this only angered the British. The British colonists reacted by killing twenty five people which came to be known as the Nairobi Massacre (â€Å"Countries and Their

Disinformation Definition

Disinformation is the deliberate and purposeful distribution of false information. The term is generally used to describe an organized campaign to deceptively distribute untrue material intended to influence public opinion. In recent years, the term has become especially associated with the spread of fake news on social media as a strategy of negative political campaigning. Key Takeaways: Disinformation The terms disinformation and misinformation are often used interchangeably, but they are not synonymous. Disinformation requires that the message be false, distributed purposefully, and with the goal of altering public opinion.The strategic use of disinformation can be traced back to the Soviet Union in the 1920s, where it was known as dezinformatsiya.In English, the term was first used in the 1950s, referring to Cold War disinformation campaigns.Social media has exacerbated the impact of disinformation campaigns. Definition of Disinformation A key component of the definition of disinformation is the intention of the person or entity creating the message. Disinformation is distributed with the specific purpose of misleading the public. The false information is meant to impact society by swaying the opinions of the members of the audience. The term disinformation is said to be derived from a Russian word, dezinformatsiya, with some accounts holding that Joseph Stalin coined it. It is generally accepted that the Soviet Union pioneered the deliberate use of false information as a weapon of influence in the 1920s. The word remained relatively obscure for decades and was used mainly by military or intelligence professionals, not the general public, until the 1950s. Disinformation vs. Misinformation An important distinction to make is that disinformation does not mean misinformation. Someone can spread misinformation innocently by saying or writing things that are untrue while believing them to be true. For example, a person sharing a news report on social media may commit an act of misinformation if the source turns out to unreliable and the information incorrect. The specific person who shared it acts as a result of misinformation if he or she believes it to be true. On the other hand, deliberately distributing false material with the purpose of generating outrage or chaos in society, essentially as a political dirty trick, would rightfully be referred to as spreading disinformation. Following the same example, the agent who created the false information in the unreliable source is guilty of creating and spreading disinformation. The intention is to cause a reaction in the public opinion based on the false information that he or she created. What Is a Disinformation Campaign? Disinformation is often part of a larger effort, such as a campaign, plan, or agenda. It may take advantage of well-established facts while tweaking details, omitting context, blending falsehoods, or distorting circumstances. The goal is to make the disinformation believable in order to reach the target audience. Multiple acts of disinformation may be carried out simultaneously in different outlets to achieve a goal. For example, different articles intended to discredit a political candidate may circulate at the same time, with each version tailored to the readership. A younger reader may see an article about the candidate treating a young person poorly, while an elderly reader may see the same article but the victim may be an elderly person. Targeting of this sort is especially prominent in social media sites. In the modern era, the 2016 efforts waged by Russians targeting the U.S. elections is perhaps the best-known example of a disinformation campaign. In this case, the perpetrators used Facebook and Twitter to disseminate fake news, as was revealed by the hearings on Capitol Hill which examined and exposed the scheme. In May 2018, members of Congress ultimately revealed more than 3,000 Facebook ads which had been purchased by Russian agents during the 2016 election. The ads were full of deliberate falsehoods designed to stir outrage. The placement of the ads had been fairly sophisticated, targeting and reaching millions of Americans at very little cost. On February 16, 2018, the Office of the Special Counsel, led by Robert Mueller, indicted the Russian government troll farm, the Internet Research Agency, along with 13 individuals and three companies. The highly detailed 37-page indictment described a sophisticated disinformation campaign designed to create discord and influence the 2016 election. Russian Disinformation Disinformation campaigns had been a standard tool during the Cold War and mentions of Russian disinformation would occasionally appear in the American press. In 1982, TV Guide, one of the most popular magazines in America at the time, even published a cover story warning about Russian disinformation. Recent research has indicated that the Soviet Union spread disinformation about America and the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s. A conspiracy theory that AIDS had been created in an American germ warfare lab was spread by the Soviet KGB, according to a 2018 NPR report. The use of information as a potential weapon in the modern era was documented in a deeply reported article in the New York Times Magazine in June 2015. Writer Adrian Chen recounted remarkable stories of how Russian trolls, operating from an office building in St. Petersburg, Russia, had posted untrue information to wreak havoc in America. The Russian troll farm described in the article, the Internet Research Agency, was the same organization that would be indicted by Robert Muellers office in February 2018. Sources: Manning, Martin J. Disinformation.  Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence and Security, edited by K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, vol. 1, Gale, 2004, pp. 331-335.  Gale Virtual Reference Library.Chen, Adrian. The Agency. New York Times Sunday Magazine, 7 June 2015. p. 57.Barnes, Julian E. Cyber Command Operation Took Down Russian Troll Farm for Midterm Elections. New York Times, 26 February 2019. p. A9.disinformation. Oxford Dictionary of English. Ed. Stevenson, Angus. Oxford University Press, January 01, 2010. Oxford Reference.

Lorca’s play on tragic love Free Essays

Lorca’s play on tragic love, The House of Bernarda Alba, is his last complete play. It is interpreted as a metaphor of repression with its theme focused on frustration, honour and death. The play contains both the passion and the torment in the intense struggle of a group of women held in check even from the thought of love by a tyrannical mother, Bernarda. We will write a custom essay sample on Lorca’s play on tragic love or any similar topic only for you Order Now The play investigates and provides a response, but not a solution, to the problems of oppression, transgression, sexuality and being a victim. Bernarda’s strict rule is as powerful as the wilful nature of the youngest woman who betrays the family. Her ability to satisfy her sexual desire symbolically shatters the order of extreme repression and absolute control. Her rebellion and death mark the reasons and effects of the repressed atmosphere. Ultimate protest, despair, and madness emphasize the even more extreme control, unhealthy fear, mindlessness, and especially silence that befall the women who remain in the house. However more scrutinizing approach to the issue of victim in the play reveals that not only Bernarda’s daughters appear as victims but Bernarda herself being a victimizer is a victim. Bernarda Alba is the mother, a dramatic personality, whose words carry the authority of the supreme ruler and whose life shows little emotion. In this austerity she rules her household, never sparing from her wrath anyone who attempts to revoke the stifling atmosphere she has superimposed on herself and her daughters. As a result, all – Bernarda, the daughters, the servants – exist in darkness and depression ultimately leading to sterility of emotions and finally to suicide. Bernarda is a selfish and tyrannical matron who eventually forces her daughters into the despair. They lose every vestige of hope; this loss leads directly to the moral death of each daughter and to the physical death of the youngest. Slowly, but unequivocally, Bernarda drains the minds and hearts of her daughters until they become as white and barren as the walls of their physical prison the metaphor of which is conveyed by the visual nature of the house with its thick walls and a few windows and doors leading to the outside world. However, this significant visual image exceeds its literal meaning and, above all, represents a sociocultural institution keeping all the main characters of the play in subordination to social dogmas and rules. Within the confines of its walls Bernarda and her family repeat the old traditions, like many generations of women that preceded them. This repetitive and collective act obliterates the uniqueness of the individual for the sake of preserving patriarchal hegemony. When reading The House of Bernarda Alba it becomes obvious that the play’s most powerful strength is in its dialogues, while the characters are limited in their movement and space within a closed location. By dint of auditory means, Lorca reaches the explication of the contrast between girls and their mother. This contrast is emphasized by the other devices like contras of black and white, and these two colours are highlighted throughout the play: the black dresses of the women in mourning, in contrast to the very white walls of the house. Moreover, Bernarda’s authoritarian voice stands out as she commands, â€Å"Silence! † [p. 161] at the opening, throughout, and end of the play, closely related in each case to the death of one member of the family and the spiritual death of those living. Despite Bernarda’s call for silence, other sounds succeed in penetrating the thick walls and contribute to define the nature of their society and the dichotomy between life inside and outside the house. Bernarda’s house is a household without men. This is by fate as well as by author’s intention to establish controversial circumstances. Upon the death of her husband, she must assume the patriarchal role of protecting her daughters’ honour and forbids the presence of men within the confines of the house, thus limiting the world her daughters are allowed to know. Her house is clearly governed by patriarchal forces. Pepe el Romano, the male character we do not see but hear about, is the strongest motivating force in the play. Bernarda’s authoritarian discourse stubbornly reproduces what she learned from her father and her grandfather. This concept associates property with social class, as Bernarda is well aware. When one of her daughters has the opportunity of marrying, she does not allow it: â€Å"BERNARDA, loudly. – I’d do it a thousand times over! My blood won’t mingle with the Humanas’ while I live! His father was a shepherd. † (p. 191). The situation within the walls of her house would have been quite different had Bernarda found enough men of her social condition to marry her daughters. Lorca indicts society, and the reader might be inclined to condemn Bernarda as well. Although she is not aware of it, Bernarda is a victim turned victimizer. In the same way that her daughter, Adela, is symbolically suffocated by her mother’s oppression, as she commits suicide by hanging, Bernarda’s maternal feelings have been suffocated by society. As a widow, she uses her newly found powers to perpetuate those values that benefit men. She becomes their accomplice. Her husband was a womanizer, and she claims that men should enjoy the freedom of the streets. Women should be confined in the house, against their natural instincts. Bernarda is, at best, an imperfect man, as exemplified in her failed attempt to use the gun —a phallic symbol. BERNARDA: The gun! Where’s the gun? She rushes out. La Poncia runs ahead of her. Amelia enters and looks on frightened, leaning her head against the wall. Behind her comes Martirio. ADELA: No one can hold me back! She tries to go out. [†¦] A shot is heard. BERNARDA, entering: Just try looking for him now! MARTIRIO, entering: That does away with Pepe el Romano. ADELA: Pepe! My God! Pepe! She runs out. PONCIA: Did you kill him? MARTIRIO: No. He raced away on his mare! BERNARDA: It was my fault. A woman can’t aim (p. 210) Within the play another mother figure, Maria Josefa, vehemently distances herself from Bernarda and approaches Adela, thus leaving Bernarda without support and helpless. She sings a lullaby while holding a â€Å"baby† (a lamb) in her arms, an act that Bernarda – devoid of maternal instincts – seems incapable of performing. Bernarda as a mother figure becomes dehumanized and therefore closer to the dimensions of a grotesque caricature. At the beginning of the play the maid La Poncia threatens Bernarda’s public image with her gossip. At the end of the play, and despite Bernarda’s call for silence, we know that the neighbours have awakened. The thick walls have been rendered useless and the tyrannical figure of Bernarda fall a prey to societal judgement. Bibliography LORCA, Federico Garcia Three Tragedies: Blood Wedding, Yerma, Bernarda Alba. Translated by J. G. Lujan and R. L. O’Connell. New York, New Directions Publishing, 1955. How to cite Lorca’s play on tragic love, Papers

Talent Mismatch free essay sample

This paper talks about the talent mismatch caused by skills shortages around the world. The paper reports on the difficulty experienced by employers all around the world in recruiting highly skilled workers who meet their strategic or long term goals. It cites the jobs noted by Manpower Group’s 2011 Talent Shortage Survey for which positions were hardest to fill by the employers all around the world. This paper also highlightsmajor business trends that are converging into a workplace. This paper also suggests employers to develop long-term recruitment strategies, sound job training strategies and appropriate retaining strategies. While it also suggests workers to have long term career planning that includes assessment of major skills required in the marketplace, strengths and areas of interest to ensure employability in ever changing work environment. Keywords: Talent Mismatch, Talent Shortage, Difficulty filling jobs, Labor shortfall, Talent Gap The demand for skilled labors in the global marketplace over the past decade and a half has been growing rapidly. We will write a custom essay sample on Talent Mismatch or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Despite global economic meltdown, recession and colossal rate of unemployment in many countries the demand for talented individuals in the marketplace has not declined, instead the demand for highly skilled labor has been rising. However, on the supply side, due to talent scarcity, many jobs are left unfilled. According to the recent survey conducted by human resource solutions firm Manpower (2011), 52% of UScompanies reported difficulty in filling out the jobs. Remarkably, the data from the previous year, 2010 stated just 14% companies had difficulty in filling out the jobs. Similarly, a report by World Economic Forum in collaboration with Boston Consulting Group titled â€Å"Global Talent Risk: Seven Responses† stated that the employability will become a huge problem worldwide in coming 20 years; it stated that currently, only 25% of Indian and 20% of Russians are deemed employable by multinationals. Furthermore, a talent shortage survey conducted by Manpower group in 2011 showed that employers in countries like Japan, India, Brazil, Australia, Taiwan, Romania, US and Argentina has some of thehighest rate of difficulty filling ut the jobs with Japan leading by 80%, followed by India 67%. Similarly, 54% of employers in Brazil and Australia also reported difficulty in filling out the jobs while Taiwan, Romania, US and Argentina reported 53%, 52% and 51% respectively. What is important to notice is that all the employers in these countries cited â€Å"lack of available talent† as a main reason in difficulty to fill out the available positions . The research conducted by the Manpower group revealed that, globally one out of three employers experienced difficulties in filling positions due to lack of available talent. These data show certain trends in the job market. First, the data implies that employers are finding it very difficult to fill in the jobs. Secondly, it suggests that talent crisis is creating problems for human resource management professionals to find so called â€Å"theright candidate for the right job†. Clearly, what we are seeing is a talent mismatch(Tammy Johns Harvard Business Review 2011). It simply means that employers are not able to find the right candidate for the job or the job seekers aren’t well suited for the available job in the marketplace. To sum up people available do not have the talent needed. There is a mismatch between the talent offered and the talent required. So what makes it difficult for employers to find the perfect employees who would exactly fit for the job? Who is to blame? Is it the poor human resource management within an organization who is unable to devise a sound job description and thorough job analysis or is it the lack of skilled and talented work force in the job market whose talents and skills completely mismatches with the requirements of a prospective employer? This paper aims to find answers to all these questions. This paper will focus on explaining the current trends in the job marketplace. The paper is written to highlight the causes of talent mismatch and enumerate other, environmental factors (political, demographical, technological etc. that are converging into a workplace and further elaborate on why talent mismatch exists in the marketplace and propose solutions for human resource management professionals and the workers to deal with this issue to better prepare for long –term growth and success in this ever changing business world. The paper has been written after a through literature review, of various website articles, jou rnals, periodicals and other published material related with talent mismatch in order to gain more insights, ideas, to find answers to why talent mismatch exists and to analyze what kind solutions are there to deal with the issue. Academic databases such as Academic Search Complete, Business Search Complete, Science Direct and Google Scholars were used with keywords-talent mismatch, global talent crisis and talent shortage while reviewing the literature. However the paper does not emphasize the issue of talent mismatch on one particular organization or a country. It takes into account the overall situation of talent scarcity around the world. The paper also doesn’t delve into the role of government in handling talent crisis. 1. 2 Global Trends: â€Å"The world of work is changing† The world of work is changing and these changes are taking place due to changes in various environmental factors mainly four, technological, demographical, rise of customer sophistication and individual choice† says Melanie Homes, vice president of Manpower Group. As demographics of certain economy changessuch change are directly influencing or are converging into a workplace. For instance, work force in countries like Japan and Korea are ageing. In such countries there are not as many workers coming into work force as there are retiring, creating huge pools of talent shortage. According to World Economic Forum, in developed countries retirement of Baby Boomers will have significant impact on managing workforce quantity, quality and costs. United States for example, will need to add more than 25 million workers to its talent base by the year 2030 to sustain economic growth (World Economic Forum, 2011). Similarly, emergence of new economies such as Brazil, Russia, India and China also known as BRIC will further drive demand for well-educated professionals, technicians and managers. Moreover,rapid proliferation of new and advance technology will highly influence the way people work, when they work, how they work and even who can work (Melanie Homes Talent Mismatch-The gap widens 2011). In addition, employers today will be looking for highly specialized skills that will enable their company to do more with less and meet the ever rising expectation of shrewd and smart customers, stacking up the demand for highly skilled and professional workers. According to Manpower Group’s Talent Shortage Survey 2011 some of the most difficult jobs to fill are technicians, sales representative, skilled trades work (such as electrician, carpenters, machinist, mechanics, welders and plumbers), engineers, laborers, managers/executives, accounting and finance staff, production operators and finally secretaries, personal assistants, administrative assistants and office support staff. Figure 1. The World’s Toughest Job to Fill Source: Manpower Talent Shortage Survey May 2011 DISCUSSION 2. 0 Reasons of Talent Mismatch The drivers of these skill shortages (Figure 1) are well known; ageing population, education- to- employment systems that are not producing enough graduates and employees with the skills necessary to fill important jobs, underinvestment in organizational training, and the shift to knowledge economy fueled by skilled, well trained knowledge workers (Eric Krell Human Resource Magazine 2011). Similarly Manpower Group in their annual global talent mismatch survey (2011) reports that employers have difficulty filling out the jobs because prospective employee lacks technical or hard job skills, they lack business knowledge, some candidates simply seek more pay than that is offered while many lack experience. Furthermore, the same survey also states that prospective employee don’t possess the right personality and attitude to fit the job, they are not willing to work on contingent basis and some do not accept the job due to geographic location. Moreover, (ASTD 2006)has identified four major factors behind today’s skills gap: (1) Jobs are changing (2) Workforce growth is slowing (3) Educational attainment is lagging the need for skills (4) Businesses are not leveraging their learning investments effectively. â€Å"Changes in the nature of business are leading to changes in the skills required of employees. Global competition, technology, and other forces place a premium on speed, innovation, and the ability to adapt rapidly to change†(ASTD 2006) Figure: 2 Reasons for Difficulty Filling Jobs Globally Source: Manpower Talent Shortage Survey May 2011 However some authors argue that there is no such thing as talent mismatch; it is just the mindset of hirers, employers and human resource professional who are creating the talent gap. Kevin Wheeler of the recruiting site ere. net writes â€Å"We (hiring managers, executives, HR folks, and recruiters) set up expectations and define jobs based on what is traditional. We work from habit and past experience. Some of us say that we cannot find qualified C# programmers, for example, when we all know that there are very few people with good skills in this area. Something different might be to rethink the job entirely so that it more closely matches someone we already know is available. † Tammy Johns, a senior vice president of Manpower Group also reiterates the same concern that employers should construct work in such a way that they can hire available talents in the market rather than narrowly defining their job description. 3. 0 Impact of Talent Mismatch Every economy needs skilled labor for their economic development. Strong labor force influences productivity and competitiveness of an economy. They are the source of growth and innovation. However, lack of up to date skills of a labor force in an economy can have an adverse effect on the economy. As a talent gap widens, organization can no longer grow or remain competitive because it cannot fill critical jobs with employees who have the right knowledge, skills, and abilities (Pat Galagan 2010). It is not just individual organizations or sectors that are feeling the consequences of the skills gap. Communities, states, regions, and entire nations pay a heavy price when they can neither find nor equip workers with the right skills for critical jobs. (Pat Galagan, Bridging the Skills Gap 2010). In their book The Chief Learning Officer: Driving Value within a changing organization, authors Tamar Elkeles and Jack Phillips wrote that â€Å"Nothing is more devastating to an organization than not having a fully prepared workforce. An unprepared workforce can reduce profits, impede market share, create inefficiencies, lower morale, and/ or increase attrition. More importantly, it can affect the quality of service provided to customers†. 4. 0 Strategies to bridge the talent gap The ongoing talent crisis will put many employers under pressure to change their current recruiting strategies. Employers who are finding it difficult to fill out the positions need to understand that drastic changes in recruitment policies must be pursued if they are to recruit employees for the unfilled positions. According to American Society for Training and Development(ASTD 2006) â€Å"Business leaders obtain the talent they need by ecruiting experienced workers to fill specific skills gaps. But more and more, faced with the reality of rapidly changing skills needs, the efficiency of technology-enabled learning, and an increasing shortage of skilled labor across many industries, these leaders understand that they also must train and develop their employees or risk business success†. To be effective, employers need to understand what skill sets they need at the present and what skill set they would need in the future in each level of the organization. In Harvard Business Review article titled Money Ball and the Talent Mismatch Facing Business,Tammy Jones, a senior vice president at Manpower Group writes that by constructing work differently to take advantage of the specialized talent that is currently available can create a huge competitive advantage. â€Å"In many organizations challenged by a very competitive business environment, it’s not enough to â€Å"hire for attitude† and â€Å"train for skills. † Employees must come to work with skills that allow them to be effective immediately. Starting with the selection process, savvy organizations identify critical skills and competencies that new hires must have, and they recruit for those† (ASTD 2006). Similarly Manpower Group states that hiring from a restricted pool of available workers, who may not possess the necessary skills and capabilities can bridge the talent gap. Kevin Wheeler of the recruiting site ere. net adds â€Å"Many available people are older or retired and have skills that have become obsolete or are not needed right now. However, these people could be retrained for some of the open positions if we took a different attitude. Unfortunately most of us or most of our employers anyway, would rather spend money on search fees, agency fees, administrative overhead, and  advertising  rather than on intensively training people with decent basic skills. Granted, we cannot train people for every job because many of them do require experience, or time in the saddle, as they say, in order to be successful. However, I think we could significantly lessen the labor shortage if we were willing to be a bit wider in our job expectations and definitions† In addition, a report by World Economic Forum in collaboration with Boston Consulting group titled â€Å"Global Talent Risk – Seven Responses† states that employers should extend the applicant pool by tapping women and older professionals, the disadvantaged and immigrants. Besides, creating pool of many applicants, employers can also bridge the ongoing talent mismatch by training their existing employees. Employees should treat training as an investment and should consider developing their existing staff. Employers should be willing to provide training and development for the jobs they have a need to get done says Kevin wheeler, a writer at recruiting site ere. net. Employers should invest in employee development and focus on retaining their existing employees says Bram Lowsky, a senior vice president and manager at Right Management Canada. Many organization and employers does not take retention into account, they feel that lost talent can be replaced easily while they forget that those who leave take valuable experience and institution knowledge with them. New recruits no matter how talented they are cannot replace or bring such knowledge into workplace therefore retaining and retraining existing employees can make lot more difference, consequently bridging the talent gap. In aweb seminar titled Talent Mismatch –The Gap Widens (2011) addressed by Melanie Holmes, vice president of Manpower Group she reiterated that by pursuing various strategies such as focusing more on staff retention in jobs where recruitment is difficult can help employers ease their burden caused by talent crisis. She also adds that with advent of new technologies it is possible for employers to broaden their search for talent outside their local region and have them work without asking them to relocate. It has been noticed that colleges and universities are not producing talented graduates. Many employers complain that the fresh graduates from university lack hard skills or soft skills. World Economic Forum in their recent report stated that â€Å"What is needed is an adaptable but efficient education system that includes practical and theoretical skills, lifelong learning and up skilling†. Therefore by partnering or collaborating with educational institutes and by developing curriculum that are aligned to employer’s future needs, can significantly, reduce the skills gap. Similarly by offering internship and vocational training opportunities employers can significantly improve their chances of finding employable candidate. From workers or employees point of view, they should be very proactive in acquiring skills in furthering their education and committing to lifelong learning. They should understand that advancement in technology are shaping the world of workplace thus, they must learn to be flexible and must keep pace with new set of skills to stay competitive in the job marketplace. Moreover, employees should take necessary steps to increase their knowledge and skills whenorganization requires it. To sum up they should take responsibility for their skills and aptitude development in order to stay competitive in the job market. 5. 0 Conclusion: The issue of talent mismatch has gained much prominence and importance in today’s business world. A result of the survey conducted by Manpower Group and recent report from the World Economic Forum and Boston Consulting group presents compelling evidence that talent mismatch gap in the workplace is widening. The changes in global business environment has triggered demand for talented individual however many jobs are still left unfilled due to lack of available talents in the marketplace. Many employers all around the world are finding it very difficult to fill out the available positions. Therefore, strong action is needed to address the issue of talent mismatch.